Base Digital Recursos Hídricos
y Cambio Climático Macaronesia

Ecosystems, Forests and forestry, Biological diversity conservation, Macaronesia, Marine biology, Zoology, Madeira, Aquaculture industry, Research institutes, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Ma...

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Global temperature changes, Biological diversity conservation, Cambio climático, Macaronesia, Biological diversity, Environmental associations, Océano Atlántico, Marine sciences, Algas, Corrientes oceánicas, Madeira, Azores, Islas Canarias, Contaminación Ambiental, Macroalgas, Avrainvillea canariensis, Climatic effects, Mesophotic, Soft-bottoms, Subtidal, Ma...

Bacillus - genetics, Bacillus - isolation & purification, Bacillus - metabolism, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Environmental Pollutants - chemistry, Environmental Pollutants - metabolism, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phylogeny, Polyethylene - chemistry, Polyethylene - metabolism, Polyvinyl Chloride - chemistry, Polyvin...

Macaronesia, Madeira, GEOGRAPHY, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Analysis, Attitudes, Biology and Life Sciences, Climate change, Colleges & universities, Core curriculum, Earth Sciences, Ecological monitoring, Ecology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Economic analysis, Economic aspects, Economic growth, Ecosystem biology, Ecosystems, Education, Education history, Environmental attitudes, Environmental behavior, Enviro...

decision support tool (DST), integrated water resources management (IWRM), multi-criteria analysis (MCA), option selection, treatment trains (TT), unit processes (UP), wastewater recycling, water reclamation, water reuse (WR)

Macaronesia, Analysis, Océano Atlántico, Volcanism, Tectonics (Geology), Mid-ocean ridges, Earth, Azores triple junction, Mantle, dynamic topography, lithospheric stresses, mantle dynamics, Seismic waves, tectonic regimes, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macar...

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Life Sciences, Health aspects, Macaronesia, Research, Statistics, Risk factors, Madeira, Madeira Island, Dengue, Dengue virus, Dengue viruses, Emerging diseases, Human health and pathology, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology), Seroprevalence, Serotype, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Mac...

Animals, Macaronesia, Fishes, Portugal, Madeira, Atlantic Ocean - epidemiology, Ectoparasitic Infestations - epidemiology, Ectoparasitic Infestations - parasitology, Ectoparasitic Infestations - veterinary, Fish Diseases - epidemiology, Fish Diseases - parasitology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - epidemiology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - parasitology,...

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Sustainable development, Wildlife conservation, Hydroelectric power plants, Fisheries, Fishes, Development, Madeira, Fishing, Fish industry, Dams, Amazon, Fishery evaluation indicators, Riverine communities, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaron...

Animals, Macaronesia, Rivers, Environmental Monitoring, Gold, Mining, Madeira, Mercury - analysis, Brazil, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, Muscles - chemistry, Animal Shells - chemistry, Hepatopancreas - chemistry, Palaemonidae, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macar...

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Environmental aspects, Global temperature changes, Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts, Macaronesia, Deforestation, Rivers, Analysis, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Atmospheric Sciences, Influence, Madeira, Watersheds, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesia...

ecological risk, ecotoxicology, Environmental aspects, Invited Research Review, macroplastic, microplastic, Pollution, river basin

Macaronesia, Observaciones, Madeira, Investigacion forestal, Tecnica, Plantaciones de arboles, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Océano Atlántico, Azores, Basalt, Mid-ocean ridges, Earth, Mantle, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

FORESTRY, Macaronesia, Madeira, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Ecosystem services, Carbon sequestration, Macaronesia, Madeira, Islands, Aboveground carbon stocks, Change detection, LCLUC, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Animal behavior, Coral reefs and islands, Marine sciences, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Biodiversity, Life Sciences, Plant Physiology, Forests, Macaronesia, Rivers, Analysis, Water table, River basins, Flora, Madeira, Plants, Water availability, Vegetation, Plant Sciences, Soil fertility, Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography, Lowlands, Plant Anatomy/Development, Plant Ecology, Amazon, Alluvial deposits, Campinarana, Dry season, Flooding, Hab...

Analysis, Azores, Basalt, Crust, Earth, Hf isotopes, HIMU, Magmatism, Recycled oceanic crust, Tracers (Biology), Triple ridge junction

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Océano Atlántico, Azores, Evolution, Volcanic ash, tuff, etc, Volcanoes, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Madeira, Arbacia lixula, Consumption rates, Food consumption, Gonad index, Invertebrate macro-grazer, Ocean warming, Paracentrotus lividus, Sea urchins, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaroné...

Gases, Power Plants, Coal - analysis, Costs and Cost Analysis, Electricity, Refuse Disposal - economics, Volatilization, Refuse Disposal - methods, Conservation of Natural Resources, Macedonia (Republic)

Plastic marine pollution, Ocean modeling, Microplastics, South Pacific gyre, Water Pollutants - analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Water Pollution - statistics & numerical data, Waste Products - analysis, Pacific Ocean, Seawater - chemistry, Plastics - analysis, Waste Products - statistics & numerical data, Water Movements, Environmental aspects, Pollution,...

Ocean circulation, Research, Flow velocity, Models, Density, Surface water

ocean warming, South Pacific, heat content, ENSO, sea level, subtropical convergence, Climate change, Ocean-atmosphere interaction, Ocean temperature, Meteorology, Climate, Earth atmosphere, Climatic changes, Subtropical convergences, Global climate, Accumulation, Depth, Convergence, Earth, Amplification, Heat, Satellites, Energy, Atmosphere

radiocarbon, EAC, reservoir age, black corals, uranium‐series dating, Ocean circulation, Paleontology, Oceanography

Antarctica, PDO, ASL, climate, ENSO, Climate change, Ocean circulation, Global warming

Power Plants, Uncertainty, Costs and Cost Analysis, Coal

meridional overturning circulation, Nd isotopes, Ocean Drilling, numerical modeling, Climate change, Paleoclimate science, Heat, Ocean circulation, Isotopes, Ocean temperature

Seoul Metropolitan area, Air quality management, Cap-and-Trade System, Integrated management, Green house gases, Air Pollutants - analysis, Conservation of Natural Resources - methods, Sulfur Oxides - chemistry, Environmental Monitoring - methods, Nitrogen Oxides - chemistry, Republic of Korea, Conservation of Natural Resources - legislation & jurisprudence,...

Rheotaxis, Turtles, Ocean circulation, Water circulation, Ocean currents

upper ocean temperature, decadal ocean variability, sea surface height, subsurface, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, SODA, Sea level

MEI, buoy, wave climate, ENSO, NPI, Pacific Ocean, PDO, Waves, climate change, Climatology, Atmospheric pressure, Environmental sciences, Transportation, Transportation engineering, Mathematics, Engineering, El Nino, Winter, Southern oscillation, Navigational aids, Environmental studies, Seasons, Meteorology, Wave energy, Earth atmosphere, Navigation, Climat...

Oxygen - metabolism, Waste Water - chemistry, Ionic Liquids - chemistry, Imidazoles - chemistry, Imidazoles - isolation \& purification, Ionic Liquids - isolation \& purification

Animals, Models, Chemical, Half-Life, Nuclear Weapons, Pacific Ocean, Seawater - chemistry, Anthozoa - chemistry, Iodine Radioisotopes - analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis, Islands, Water Movements, Radiation Monitoring

meridional overturning circulation, carbon cycle, glacial/interglacial, Southern Ocean, Paleoclimate science, Glaciers, General circulation models, Ocean circulation, Greenhouse gases, Water, Carbon dioxide, Glacial periods, Density stratification, Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, Last Glacial Maximum, Reduction, Polar environments, Salinity effects, Deep w...

coral composite, coral oxygen isotope, interannual, decadal, and interdecadal variability, South Pacific Convergence Zone

Paleoclimate science, Ocean temperature, Meteorology, Salinity

Roundtable: The Trump Presidency and Southeast Asia, Political aspects, East-West trade (1945- ), Television broadcasting industry, Trade, Trade agreements, Military exercises, Accession, International relations, War, Alliances, Political campaigns, Islands, National security, Presidents, Power

Life Sciences, Environmental risk assessment, Invasive species, Marine protected areas, Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts, Non-indigenous species, Fisheries, Ecology, Conservation Biology/Ecology, Biodiversity, Aquaculture, Oysters, Environmental impact, Environmental management, Environmental protection

Persistence, Ready biodegradability, Microbial toxicity, OECD test guideline 301C, Environmental Pollutants - chemistry, Sewage - analysis, Environmental Pollutants - toxicity, Biodegradation, Toxicology, Microbiology, Toxicity, Temperature effects, Biochemistry, Chemicals

gene flow, Ridgeia piscesae, model adequacy, deep ocean circulation, hydrothermal vent, coalescent, Genetic Variation, Models, Theoretical, Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics, Base Sequence, Ecosystem, Annelida - genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Pacific Ocean, Water Movements, Evolutionary biology, Analysis, Mitochondrial DNA, Marine biology, Ecology,...

metastable olivine wedge, seismic intensity, Pacific slab, stochastic waveguide, numerical simulation, deep‐focus earthquake, Earthquakes, Dispersion (wave), Seismic activity, Shaking, Waves, Direction, Depth, Reduction, Wave propagation, Phases, Forward scattering, Seismic propagation, Attenuation, Seismic waves, Slabs, Width, Olivine, Motion, Wave attenuat...

assimilation, carbon-13, Chorisodontium aciphyllum, discrimination, maritime Antarctic, peat bank, radiocarbon dating, Signy Island

Biodegradation, Environmental, Biotechnology, Aerobiosis, Polyhydroxyalkanoates - chemistry, Waste Water, Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis, Fermentation, Hydrogen - chemistry, Industrial Waste, Food Industry, Gases, Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods, Bioreactors, Stainless Steel, Refuse Disposal, Plastics - chemistry, Polymers - chemistry, Catalysis, Fatty Ac...

Methanobacterium - isolation & purification, Carbon Dioxide - metabolism, DNA, Ribosomal - analysis, Methane - metabolism, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - analysis, Acetates - chemistry, Clostridium - genetics, Phylogeny, Clostridium - isolation & purification, Methanobacterium - genetics, Clostridium - classification, Biofilms, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Bioreactors - m...

temperature reconstruction, Asian-Pacific oscillation, ring width, Yong'an, Climate, Analysis

greenhouse gas budget, carbon dioxide, Everglades, Florida ranchlands, water retention, eddy covariance

Labor economics, Industrial production, Pollutant emissions, Economic costs and benefits, Carbon dioxide emissions, Economic disciplines, Environmental policy, Pollution control, Allocative efficiency, Environmental engineering, Engineering, Political science, Emission allowances, Employment, Emissions trading, Environmental studies, Economic efficiency, Eco...

Sedimentation and deposition, Geology

Clean power generation, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Technology assessment, Alternative energy sources, Green technology

Freshwater & Marine Ecology, Life Sciences, Zoology, Fisheries, Fish industry, Book reviews, Conferences, meetings and seminars, Books, Workshops (Educational programs), Fisheries management

Water, Climatology, Roads, Environmental sciences, Transportation, Freight transport, Permafrost, Biology, Arts, Design, Engineering, Design engineering, Winter, Infrastructure, Environmental studies, Agriculture, Shipping, Seasons, Ice roads, Agrology, Climate change adaptation, Civil engineering, Transportation infrastructure, Soil temperature regimes, Dam...

ocean general circulation, ocean mass variability, seasonal cycle, sea level trends, GRACE, sea level variability

statistical property, tropical cyclone, genesis potential index, typhoon, ocean process, Sea surface, Climate, Absolute vorticity, Parameters, Statistical analysis, Oceans, Oceanic influences, Ocean basins, Radiation, Hurricanes, Climate models, Climatic changes, Ocean temperature, Climate change, Mixed layer, Tropical cyclones, Temperature effects, Annual v...

Ocean circulation, Oceanography

Analysis, Anopheles, Biotechnology, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Genes, Macroplastics, Metagenomic analysis, Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms), Microplastics, Pacific Ocean, Plastics industry, Resistance genes, Sea-water

Anti-Bacterial Agents - analysis, Sewage - chemistry, Sweetening Agents - metabolism, Sweetening Agents - toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, Sweetening Agents - analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism, Sweetening Agents - chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical...

Geography, Pollutant emissions, Climatology, Geomorphology, Carbon dioxide emissions, Environmental sciences, Pollution control, Carbon dioxide, International relations, Biology, Electromagnetic interactions, Bodies of water, Environmental engineering, Engineering, Reproduction, International cooperation, Political science, Environmental studies, Pollutants,...

SPICE, southwest pacific, SPCZ, spiciness, jets, Ocean circulation, Climate, Ocean currents

Hydroxides - chemistry, Nickel - chemistry, Oxides - chemistry, Hot Temperature, Polyvinyl Chloride - chemistry, Hydrogen - chemistry, Calcium Compounds - chemistry

Fish populations, Thinning, Growth, Forecasts and trends, Sardines, Research, Anchovies, Studies, Survival analysis, Fish, Fisheries, Animal populations, Ocean-atmosphere interaction

Argentina, Costs and Cost Analysis, Sewage, Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods, Incineration, Methane - biosynthesis, Refuse Disposal - economics, Waste Disposal, Fluid - economics, Refuse Disposal - methods, Biofuels, Fertilizers, Solid Waste

Sewage - chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods, Ammonia - analysis, Waste Water - chemistry, China

Physical oceanography, Sciences of the Universe, Ocean, Atmosphere

Air Pollution - economics, Air Pollution - prevention & control, Power Plants, China, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Coal, Mercury - chemistry, Air Pollutants - chemistry

mesoscale eddies, tracers, Southern Ocean, ventilation, Control simulation, Time, Atmospheric tracers, Pathways, Polar environments, Dimensional analysis, Mathematical models, Eddies, Downstream, Ocean currents, Numerical simulations, Computer simulation, Ocean circulation, Intermediate water, Dispersion, Exchange, Intermediate water masses, Mixed layer, Adv...

heat waves, definition, variability, SST, circulation, Climatology, Sea surface, Surface temperature, Wave trains, Wave packets, Wave propagation, Walker circulation, Regional climatology, Tropical environment, Orthogonal functions, Surface temperatures, Atmospheric circulation, Modes, Sea surface temperatures, Dry land, Rossby waves, Duration, Sea surface t...

Phenol - isolation & purification, Reference Standards, Electricity, Oxidation-Reduction, Mass Spectrometry, Oxygen - isolation & purification, Water - chemistry, Carbon - analysis, Carbon Monoxide - analysis, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Purification - methods, Atmospheric Pressure

Geography, Water, Health sciences, Blood gas analysis, Geomorphology, Ecosystems, Environmental sciences, Zoology, Carbon dioxide, Geochemistry, Biology, Medical diagnosis, Bodies of water, Hypercapnia, Medical conditions, THEME SECTION: Effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, Environmental studies, Physical symptoms, Physiology, Carbon compound...

Climatology, Rainy seasons, Environmental sciences, Global climate models, Materials science, Climate models, Materials processing, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Precipitation, Rain, Hydrometeorology, Environmental studies, Applied sciences, Global warming, Seasons, Meteorology, Dry seasons, Drying, Trees, Oceans and Seas, Temperature, Time Factors,...

CO2, CO 2, global warming, climate change, greenhouse effect, greenhouse effect gases, emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, carbon dioxide

Geographical distribution, Biogeography, Geology, Fishes

climate change, Temperature, Cooling, Trends

Rapid ocean warming, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Southern Ocean, Euphausia superba, Southern Annular Mode, Phytoplankton, South Georgia, Hydrology, Climate, Antarctic Oscillation, Analysis, Southern oscillation, Ocean, Ecology, Research, Summer, Oceanography, Oceans, Plankton, Ocean temperature, Ocean currents

Coal - economics, Carbon Sequestration, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Power Plants - economics

Geography, Coastal landforms, Economic analysis, Landforms, Marshes, Economic value, Geomorphology, Environmental sciences, Fresh water, Wetlands, Limnology, Topography, Environmental studies, Economics, Coasts, Geology, Earth sciences, Sea level rise, Economic research, REPORT, Sea level, Geologic processes, Altimetry, Land, Swamps, Hydrology, Climate chang...

Physical, Climate dynamics, Climatology, Global Change, Ocean/atmosphere interactions, Climate variability, ENSO, Atmospheric Processes, Oceanography, zonal wave 1, teleconnections

intraseasonal variability, Pacific ocean variability, upper ocean response to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation, Aleutian low, Atmospheric circulation, Oceans, Thunderstorms, Upper ocean, Ocean circulation, Variability, Convection, Surface winds, Winds, Pressure patterns, Madden-Julian oscillation, Annual variations, Tropical environment, Tropical environments,...

Freshwater & Marine Ecology, Environment, Oceanography, Microbiology, Zoology, Marine & Freshwater Sciences, Habitat (Ecology), Modification, Research, Habitat partitioning (Biology), Mussels, Shorelines, Marine biology, Mollusks, Habitats, Biological diversity

Rossby wave, typhoon, stable isotope ratio, water vapor transport, Oceans, Cyclones

Animals, Mercury - analysis, Environmental Monitoring - methods, Turtles, Female, Male, Georgia, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, South Carolina, Studies, Sample size, Rivers, Males, Females, Mercury, Reptiles & amphibians, Contamination, Power plants

Physical, Nonlinear dynamics, Upper ocean processes, Internal and inertial waves, Oceanography, Exploration Geophysics, Mathematical Geophysics, Remote sensing

South Asian summer monsoon, projected uncertainty, CMIP5 models, Indo‐Pacific warming pattern, global mean warming, Wind, Global warming, Meteorology, Sea surface, Climate, Temperature, Uncertainty, State of the art, Transportation models, Summer, Surface temperature, Monsoon rainfall, Intercomparison, Temperature effects, Compensation, Computer simulation,...

Paleoclimate science, Physical oceanography, Sciences of the Universe, Ocean, Atmosphere