Base Digital Recursos Hídricos
y Cambio Climático Macaronesia

Climatic changes, Macaronésia, Ecosystems, Azores, Oceano Atlântico, Azaspiracids, Marine toxins, Yessotoxins, Pectenotoxins, Spirolides, Monitorização, Governo_Açores

Ecology, Analysis, Ocean bottom, Ocean, Azores, Basalt, Pico Island, Coralline red algae, Epibionts, Shelf transport, Monitorização, Governo_Açores

Macaronésia, Oceano Atlântico, Cetaceans, Mid-Atlantic waters, Sighting surveys, Spatial and temporal distribution, Monitorização, Mac 2014-2020, Planclimac, Interreg, Governo_Açores, Macaronesia

Paleontology, Macaronésia, Oceano Atlântico, Azores, Fossils, Bioerosion, Carbonates, Geosites, Trace fossils, Ichnology, Monitorização, Governo_Açores

Macaronésia, Oceano Atlântico, Azores, Seamounts, Ichthyofauna, Mid-ocean ridges, Deep‐sea, Fishery conservation, Open ocean, Submarine features, Planeamento sustentável, Governo_Açores

Interglacial periods, North Atlantic, Bio-construction, Last Interglacial, Rhodophyta, Volcanic oceanic islands, Evolução climática /Clima, Monitorização, Mac 2014-2020, Planclimac, Interreg, Governo_Açores, Macaronesia

Case studies, Macaronésia, Oceano Atlântico, Azores, Evolution, Volcanic islands, Topographic reconstruction, Coastal talus-platforms (fajãs), Lagoons, Spit bars and coastal barriers, Planeamento sustentável, Governo_Açores

Macaronesia, Madeira, Discovery and exploration, Identification and classification, Gastropoda, Fossils, Lectotypes, New genera, Taxonomic revision, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia,...

Animals, Macaronesia, Parasitology, Epidemiology, Europe, Madeira, Female, Male, Prevalence, Portugal - epidemiology, Agglutination tests, Antibodies, Protozoan - blood, Antigens, Helminth - blood, Cat Diseases - blood, Cat Diseases - immunology, Cat Diseases - parasitology, Cats - immunology, Dirofilaria immitis - immunology, Dirofilariasis - blood, Dirofil...

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Océano Atlántico, Madeira, Azores, Cabo Verde, Población, Patología, Guinea Bissau, Genética, ADN, Alergias, Estudios de Población, Alergología, Polimorfismo, Asma, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesi...

Macaronesia, Madeira, Taxonomic revision, new name, Wollastonaria, Wollastonia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Macaronesia, Madeira, Taxonomic revision, new name, Wollastonaria, Wollastonia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Environmental aspects, Animals, Macaronesia, Rivers, Analysis, Fishes, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Sex Characteristics, Methylmercury, Brain, Age, Sex, Madeira, Mercury - analysis, Mercury - metabolism, Brazil, Female, Male, Species Specificity, Body Size, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, Age Factors, Muscles - chemistry, Catfishe...

Macaronesia, Analysis, Madeira, Cetacea, Globicephala macrorhynchus, heterogeneity, island-associated, mark-recapture, photo-identification, population models, population parameters, transience, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaro...

Macaronesia, Earth Sciences, Geology, Océano Atlántico, Mineralogy, Azores, Mineral Resources, Fractional crystallisation, Furnas volcano, Peralkaline trachyte, Post-caldera volcanism, Zoned magma reservoir, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaro...

Macaronesia, Madeira, Arbacia lixula, Consumption rates, Food consumption, Gonad index, Invertebrate macro-grazer, Ocean warming, Paracentrotus lividus, Sea urchins, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaroné...

Azores, Basalt, Mid-ocean ridges, Earth, Geodynamics, Lithosphere, Major elements, Mantle, Ocean Island Basalts, P–T estimates

Macaronesia, Analysis, Madeira, Fishing, Seamounts, Fishing intensity, Longline fishing, Longlining (Fisheries), Northeast Atlantic waters, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaroné...

Macaronesia, Analysis, Océano Atlántico, Volcanism, Tectonics (Geology), Mid-ocean ridges, Earth, Azores triple junction, Mantle, dynamic topography, lithospheric stresses, mantle dynamics, Seismic waves, tectonic regimes, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macar...

Macaronesia, Analysis, Madeira, Sediments (Geology), Amazonian rivers, Heavy minerals, Optically stimulated luminescence, Provenance, Rocks, Metamorphic, Sediment transport, Sedimentary basins, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaron...

Life Sciences, Ecology, Oceanography, Microbiology, Zoology, Biomedicine general, Marine biology, Crustaceans, Animal populations, Wetlands

diversity, macrofauna, marina, recreational boats, iego, copper contamination, Benthos, ay sediment, California, community, Boats and boating, Cigarette boats, Analysis, Sediments (Geology)

stems, Betula nana, Arctic tundra, nitrogen, phosphorus, Plant Shoots - growth & development, Nitrogen - metabolism, Temperature, Acclimatization, Cell Respiration, Climate Change, Plant Leaves - metabolism, Plant Stems - metabolism, Arctic Regions, Phosphorus - metabolism, Plant Leaves - growth & development, Plant Shoots - metabolism, Betula - growth & dev...

Earth Sciences, Sciences of the Universe, Physics, Geophysics

Geography, Age Factors, Humans, Middle Aged, Hair - chemistry, Child, Preschool, Infant, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, Meat, Mining, Young Adult, Fishes, Aged, 80 and over, Adult, Female, Child, Body Mass Index, Gold, Environmental Monitoring, Colombia - epidemiology, Mercury - analysis, Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System - psychology, Spectrophotometry, Atomi...

Eukaryota - cytology, Eukaryota - genetics, Eukaryota - classification, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics, DNA, Protozoan - genetics, Phylogeny, DNA, Ribosomal - genetics

Mercury - toxicity, Animals, Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity, Brachyura - drug effects, Plastics - toxicity, Kuwait, Mollusca - drug effects

Macaronesia, Biología, Zoología, Islas Canarias, Taxonomía, Endemismos, Metabolismo, Química Orgánica, Macaronesia, Macaronesia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia

Mathematical models, Plankton, Thin layers, Finestructure, Patchiness, Advection–diffusion, Nutrients, Oceanography, Dispersion, Ocean currents

Mercury - toxicity, Sulfhydryl Compounds - metabolism, Phytoplankton - drug effects, Kinetics, Phytoplankton - metabolism

Geography, Colombia, Mercury - analysis, Humans, Middle Aged, Hair - chemistry, Brachyura, Male, Environmental Exposure - analysis, Animals, Adolescent, Aged, 80 and over, Muscles - chemistry, Adult, Female, Aged, Child, Environmental Pollutants - analysis

Geography, Climatology, Applied anthropology, Paleoclimatology, Temperature, Snow, Continental glaciers, Cultural anthropology, Anthropology, Governors, Glaciology, Thermodynamics, Precipitation, Political science, Environmental studies, Polar regions, Meteorology, Cold regions, Geology, Government, Earth sciences, Climate models, Behavioral sciences, Atmosp...

Nonfiction, Research, Fish hatcheries, Statistics, Polls & surveys

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fishes - genetics, Animals, Organothiophosphates - toxicity, DNA Damage, Lethal Dose 50, Comet Assay, Insecticides - toxicity

Benzofurans - chemistry, Dioxins - chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Benzofurans - analysis, Environmental Pollutants - chemistry, Humans, Halogenation, Plastics - chemistry, Dioxins - analysis, Nigeria, Environmental Pollutants - analysis, Electronic Waste - analysis

Biomarkers - metabolism, Metallothionein - metabolism, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Liver - metabolism, Metallothionein - biosynthesis, Gills - metabolism, Mercury - metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Mercury - toxicity, Animals, Analysis of Variance, Perciformes - metabolism

Turbulence, Fluid dynamics, Weather radar networks, Analysis, Models, Dynamic meteorology, Topographical drawing

Morula spp, Tributyltin, Thailand, Imposex, Muricids, Thais spp, Oceans and Seas, Water Pollution - adverse effects, Environmental Monitoring - methods, Male, Gonads - abnormalities, Trialkyltin Compounds - toxicity, Marine Biology, Reference Standards, Animals, Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity, Female, Mollusca - anatomy & histology, Mollusca - drug ef...

tuna trap, long‐term yields, sea warming, Biodiversity, qualitative and quantitative fish changes, Mediterranean fisheries

Operating Rooms, Ventilation - instrumentation, Bacteria - isolation & purification, Pilot Projects, Equipment Design, Air Microbiology

Earth Sciences, Meteorology/Climatology, Climatic changes, Research, Hot weather, Regions, Global warming, Oceans, Climate science

Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis, Air Pollutants - analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Animal Husbandry - methods, Animals, Sulfur Dioxide - analysis, Swine, Taiwan, Methane - analysis, Biofuels

Bioaccumulation, Algae, Methylmercury, Feeding selectivity, Fish, Trophic transfer, Zooplankton, Marine food chain, Environmental protection, Food Chain, Methylmercury Compounds - analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes - metabolism, Animals, Methylmercury Compounds - metabolism, Microalgae - metabolism, Zooplankton - metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Aquatic...

Analysis, Animals, Animals, Wild, Aquaculture, Brown mussels, Environmental Monitoring - methods, Fibers, Fish-culture, Food Contamination - analysis, Guanabara Bay, Marine biology, Marine debris, Mussels, Nylon, Perna - chemistry, Perna - growth & development, Perna perna, Plastics - analysis, Pollution, Polymethylmethacrylate, Seafood - analysis, Water Pol...

Silanes, Tensile Strength, Water, Ethanol, Humans, Dental Porcelain, Analysis of Variance, Dental Stress Analysis, Statistics, Nonparametric, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Aluminum Silicates, Resin Cements, Dental Bonding, Decontamination - methods, Saliva

Single-Blind Method, Wounds and Injuries - microbiology, Skin - microbiology, Humans, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications - prevention & control, Male, Treatment Outcome, Thoracic Surgery - methods, Young Adult, Postoperative Complications - microbiology, Adolescent, Disinfection - methods, Aged, 80 and over, Adult, Female, Aged, Preoperative Care - met...

Equipment Contamination, Microbial Viability, Radiography, Dental, Digital, Plastics, Humans, Infection Control

extreme events, Pacific decadal oscillation, wave model, interdecadal variability, wave power, climate regime shift, Oceanography

Wave climate, Southern California Bight, wave energy, coastal, Geography, Coastal landforms, Climatology, Landforms, Geomorphology, Environmental sciences, Meteorological phenomena, Waves, Bodies of water, Engineering, El Nino, Winter, Southern oscillation, Environmental studies, Seasons, Meteorology, Coasts, Oceans, Earth sciences, Climate models, Atmospher...

Environmental Monitoring, Mercury - analysis, Ecotoxicology, Feathers - chemistry, Indian Ocean, Liver - metabolism, Male, Charadriiformes - metabolism, Environmental Pollutants - metabolism, Feathers - metabolism, Mercury - metabolism, Wetlands, Kidney - metabolism, Animals, Environmental Pollution, Animal Migration, Female, Birds - metabolism, Environmenta...

Carbon - metabolism, Pseudomonas putida - metabolism, Glycerol - metabolism, Phthalic Acids - metabolism, Biomass, Fermentation, Polyhydroxyalkanoates - metabolism, Pseudomonas putida - growth & development

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism, Environmental Monitoring, Animals, China, Pesticides - metabolism, Aquatic Organisms - metabolism

Potassium - metabolism, Gills - enzymology, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase - antagonists & inhibitors, Brain - enzymology, Gills - metabolism, Carps, Mercuric Chloride - administration & dosage, Mercuric Chloride - pharmacology, Structure-Activity Relationship, Sodium - metabolism, India, Brain - drug effects, Brain - metabolism, Dose-Response Relationsh...

Macaronesia, Protección ambiental, Océano Atlántico, Legislación autonómica, Gasterópodos, Madeira, Biología marina, Fertilización, Fecundación in Vitro, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaron...

waves, currents, SWOT, Error analysis, Tidal currents, Variability, Small scale, Banks (topography), Altimeters, Slopes (topography), Remote sensing, Ocean models, Wave parameters, Energy, Filaments, Topography, Modelling, Mathematical models, Numerical models, Eddies, Tidal energy, Ocean currents, Gravity, Wave height, Gravitation, Fronts, Topography (geolo...

Limit of Detection, Temperature, Spectrophotometry, Atomic - methods, Electronics, Calibration, Hot Temperature, Tin - chemistry, Water - chemistry, Plastics - chemistry, Polymers - chemistry, Refuse Disposal - methods, Plastics - analysis, Electrochemistry - methods, Lead - chemistry, Chemistry - methods, Microwaves

Biodegradation, Environmental, Butyrates - metabolism, Temperature, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - chemistry, Bacillus - metabolism, Nitrophenols - metabolism, Enzyme Stability, Substrate Specificity, Polyesters - metabolism, Bacillus - isolation & purification, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - isolation & purification, Bacillus - enzymology, Biodegradable Plast...

Biodegradation, Environmental, Polystyrenes - metabolism, Larva - metabolism, Dietary Fiber - metabolism, Tenebrio - metabolism, Polystyrenes - toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, Animals, Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity, Time Factors, Plastics - toxicity, Kinetics, Plastics - metabolism, Life Cycle Stages - drug effects

Animals, Urochordata - physiology, Bays, Ecosystem, Bivalvia - physiology, Reproduction - physiology, Animal Distribution, Conservation of Natural Resources, Introduced Species, Chile, Competition, Zonation, Coasts, Shellfish, Ecosystems, Marinas, Mollusks, Ecology, Foraging behavior, Experiments, Recruitment, Exploitation, Nonnative species, Ethics, Invasiv...

Birds, Océano Atlántico, Azores, islands, adults, bacteria, birds, Borrelia turdi, females, Haemaphysalis punctata, hosts, Ixodes, Ixodes frontalis, larvae, nymphs, Palaearctic region, tick-borne diseases, ticks, Ticks, Turdus merula

ocean acidification, ocean warming, juveniles, sea urchin, climate change, intertidal, Marine Biology, Oceans and Seas, Temperature, Animals, Survival Analysis, Acids - analysis, Sea Urchins - growth & development, Global temperature changes, Water acidification, Growth, Coastal ecosystems, Water pollution, Global warming, Invertebrates, Environmental impact

Water, Food Contamination - prevention & control, Lycopersicon esculentum - microbiology, Salmonella typhimurium - isolation & purification, Food Contamination - analysis, Peracetic Acid - pharmacology, Food Handling - methods, Food Packaging - methods, Colony Count, Microbial, Chlorine - pharmacology

Sozialer Status, USA, Jugendlicher, Bildungsniveau, Kind, Mutter, Gesundheit, Bildungsverhalten, Chemical hazards, Health sciences, Contaminated sites, Health outcomes, RICHARD T. ELY LECTURE, Law, Body weight, Population studies, Biology, Infants, Mothers, Body composition, Human populations, Superfund sites, Persons, Environmental studies, Physiology, Chil...

Antarctic marine organisms, Antioxidants, Arctic research, Coelomocytes, Developmental biology, Ecology, Gene expression, Genes, Life Sciences, Marine biology, Microbiology, Nanoparticles, Nanoplastics, Oceanography, Plant Sciences, Polystyrene, Sea-water, Surface active agents, Surface charge, Zoology

Cell Shape - drug effects, Bone and Bones - pathology, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - metabolism, Osteogenesis - drug effects, Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology, Alloys - pharmacology, Cell Proliferation - drug effects, Calcium Phosphates - pharmacology, Bone and Bones - drug effects

Bromine Compounds - analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes - metabolism, Food Contamination - analysis, Bromine Compounds - metabolism, Seafood, Xanthenes - analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, Cyclohexanes - metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism, Animals, Porifera - metabolism, Xanthenes - metabolism, Vinyl Compounds - analysis...

Oceanography

Life Sciences, Ecology, Oceanography, Microbiology, Zoology, Biomedicine general, Physiological aspects, Abalones, Sea urchins, Fertilization (Biology), Starfishes, Methods, Quantitative genetics, Climate change, Environmental monitoring, Experiments

Economics, Uncertainty, Animals, Environmental Pollution - adverse effects, Europe, Humans, Environment, Environmental Pollution - analysis, Environmental Pollution - economics

Océano Atlántico, Echinodermata

Paper, Waste Water, Polyhydroxyalkanoates - metabolism, Industrial Waste, Bioreactors - microbiology

Environmental Monitoring, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analysis, Soil Pollutants - chemistry, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - chemistry, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis, Soil Pollutants - analysis, Industrial Waste, Benzofurans - chemistry, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analogs & derivatives, Phenols - analysis, An...

Life Sciences, Ecology, Oceanography, Microbiology, Zoology, Biomedicine general, Predation (Biology), Research, Food and nutrition, Spatial behavior in animals, Starfishes, Distribution, Mollusks, Animal behavior, Surface water, Environmental conditions

CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, Air pollution, Heavy metals, Lichen, Wilderness area

Phthalic Acids - chemistry, Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation, Particulate Matter - isolation & purification, Environmental Monitoring - methods, Rats, Vasodilator Agents - isolation & purification, Chemical Fractionation - instrumentation, Male, Air Pollutants - isolation & purification, Animals, Particulate Matter - chemistry, Vasodilator Agents -...

Growing seasons, Marine botany, Climatology, Lichens, Environmental sciences, Ecosystems, Biology, Soil treatment, Winter, Agricultural production, Botany, Environmental studies, Agriculture, Global warming, Seasons, Agrology, Agricultural management, Soil heating, Algae, Bryology, Ecology, Atmospheric sciences, Human ecology, Agricultural cycles, Phycology,...

Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis, Models, Theoretical, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Environmental Exposure - analysis, Organic Chemicals - analysis, Tobacco Smoke Pollution - analysis, Smoking

eninsula, outheast, sea surface temperatures, hai, sea warming, sclerochronology, coral growth, coral reefs, sia, calcification, orites, alay, Asia, Southeastern, Temperature, Animals, Anthozoa - growth & development, Calcification, Physiologic, Seawater, Coral reefs and islands, Corals, Growth, Statistics, Analysis, Ocean temperature, Surface water

Jurassic, modeling, paleoceanography, anoxic event, paleoclimate, Toarcian, Earth, Paleoclimate science, Climate change, Geobiology, Chemical oceanography, Oceanography, Paleontology, Biological oceanography

ocean acidification, genetic diversity, phenotypic buffering, selection, physiological tolerance, ocean warming, adaptation, Evolution & development

Chemical characterization, Coastal system, Guanabara Bay, Microplastic pollution, Plastic, Water contamination

Animals, anthropogenic debris, Aquatic Organisms - physiology, Atlantic Ocean, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, marine debris, marine plastic, marine turtle, Mediterranean Sea, microplastics, Pacific Ocean, plastic pollution, Plastics - analysis, Plastics - classification, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Turtles - physiology, Water...

rctic, A, habitat loss, polar bear, climate warming, sea ice, Climate, Arctic research, Climate change, Global warming, Glaciers, Animal populations, Wildlife conservation, Polar bears

snow fence, C, D, extreme event, ryas octopetala, reproductive effort, assiope tetragona, S, growing season, mild periods, pitsbergen, climate change, snow depth

tundra, vascular plant, diversity, bryophyte, gradient, subarctic, lichen, warming experiment, climate change, Forests, Global warming, Terrestrial ecosystems, Plant ecology, Biological diversity

Environmental management

Observations, Health aspects, Physiological aspects, Scorpions, Bites and stings, Heart function tests

Wastewater, constructed wetland, Subsurface flow, Removal efficiency, Surface flow, Tropical wetland