Macaronesia, Azores, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia
Climate change, local adaptation, Range expansion, habitat loss, Marginal populations, Ecotone, species migrations, Peripheral populations, Range contraction