soil moisture, climatic factors, forest trees, water stress, altitude, seasonal variation, Canary Islands, transpiration, drought tolerance, treeline, Pinus canariensis, conifer needles, leaf water potential, montane forests, needle water potential, seedling establishment, seedling growth, stomatal conductance, timberline depression, δ 13C
Soil moisture, Hydrology, Nitrogen, Clouds, Pinus canariensis, altitudinal gradient, Phosphorus, Potential evaporation, Temperature inversions, Depression, Mental