Macaronesia, Madeira, new species, endemic, Auchenorrhyncha, planthopper, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Biodiversity, Macaronesia, Rivers, Hydroelectric power plants, Madeira, Formicidae, s, species occurrence, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Océano Atlántico, Azores, Carbon-14, Cornu aspersum, Paleosol, Pepom 1-17, Sete Cidades, U-series disequilibria, U-series disequilibria, Carbon-14, Cornu aspersum, Sete Cidades, Pepom 1-17, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie...
Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Aesthetics, Climate change, Crimes against humanity, Legislation, Plastic pollution, Public health, Public sector, Recycling, Research, Whales & whaling
Biodiversidad, Macaronesia, uso de suelo, Océano Atlántico, Mapas, Geografía física, Vegetación, Madeira, Azores, Mapas topográficos, Endemismos, Islas Oceánicas, Islas Atlánticas, biodiversity assessment, Land cover mapping, land use assessment, oceanic island, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macar...
Contamination, São Miguel, Dynamic melting, Pyroxenite/eclogite, U-series
Animal Fins, Animals, Commerce, Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic - methods, Endangered & extinct species, Endangered species, Endangered Species - economics, Fins, Geography, Importation, Meat - economics, Population decline, Sales, Sharks, Sharks - genetics, Species Specificity, Threatened species, Toxicants, United Kingdom
Macaronesia, climate change, Madeira, liverwort, endemic species, moss, bryophyte life strategy, elevational gradient, functional‐taxonomic group, lichen growth form, photobiont, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macarones...
Biodiversity, Life Sciences, Plant Physiology, Conservation, Neotropics, Macaronesia, Rivers, Wildlife conservation, Analysis, Studies, Flora, Madeira, Species, Plant Sciences, New records, Genera, Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography, Plant Anatomy/Development, Plant Ecology, Amazonia, Data collection, Expeditions, field survey, herbarium, Ron protein, M...
Macaronesia, Control, Madeira, Methods, Usage, Insect pests, Mealy bugs, Pyrethroids, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Observaciones, Madeira, Madera, Biomasa, Investigacion forestal, Informes, Pruebas, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Animal behavior, Coral reefs and islands, Marine sciences, Madeira, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Océano Atlántico, Azores, Evolution, Volcanic ash, tuff, etc, Volcanoes, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Madeira, São Jorge, laurel forest, historical collections, leaf macrofossils, Madeira Island, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Macaronesia, Océano Atlántico, Azores, Basalt, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Mid-ocean ridges, Earth, Mantle, Azores plume, E-MORB, FOZO, Mid-ocean ridge basalts, Plumes (Fluid dynamics), Radiogenic isotopes, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Ma...
Macaronesia, Analysis, Physiological aspects, Humans, Hypertension, case-control study, Polymorphism, Genetic, Multivariate Analysis, Madeira, Risk Factors, Female, Male, European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics, Genetic research, Portugal - ethnology, Genes, Genetic aspects, Adult, Middle Aged, 3400, Abridged Index Medicus, ADD1 Gly460Trp gene polymor...
Biodiversity, Life Sciences, Plant Physiology, Forests, Macaronesia, Rivers, Analysis, Water table, River basins, Flora, Madeira, Plants, Water availability, Vegetation, Plant Sciences, Soil fertility, Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography, Lowlands, Plant Anatomy/Development, Plant Ecology, Amazon, Alluvial deposits, Campinarana, Dry season, Flooding, Hab...
Macaronesia, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Océano Atlántico, Sex Chromosomes, Tortugas marinas, Madeira, Azores, Atlántico nororiental, Cabo Verde, Biología marina, Zoología Marina, Reproducción, Boa Vista Island (Cabo Verde), Especies Amenazadas, Comportamiento Sexual, Islas Atlánticas, Migración, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Maca...
Macaronesia, Madeira, Arbacia lixula, Consumption rates, Food consumption, Gonad index, Invertebrate macro-grazer, Ocean warming, Paracentrotus lividus, Sea urchins, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaroné...
Macaronesia, Geomorphology, Océano Atlántico, Tectonics, Volcanism, Tectonics (Geology), Volcanoes, Landslides, Large-scale flank collapse, Azores Triple Junction, GPS ground motion, Marine geophysical data, Marine geophysics, Pico-Faial volcanic ridge, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian,...
Nature / Environmental Conservation & Protection, Science / Environmental Science, Science / General
training, networks, Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), West Indies, Botanic gardens, United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOT)
Plant Ecology, Plant Physiology, Chamaedorea ernesti-augustii, Plant Anatomy/Development, C-value, Leucothrinax morrisii, Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography, Life Sciences, Ex situ conservation, living collections, Botanic gardens, Conservation genetics, Plant Sciences, Wildlife conservation, Usage, Conservation biology, Botanical gardens
GSPC, Convention on biological diversity, Policy, Evolutionary Biology, Tree Biology, Life Sciences, Conservation, Biodiversity, Implementation, Plant Sciences, CBD, Biological diversity conservation, Universities and colleges, Flowers & plants, Botanical gardens, Conservation biology, Environmental policy
nickel, trace metals, chromium, dioxin, oysters, furan, St. Louis Bay, Environmental aspects, Research, Crassostrea
Macaronesia, protected areas, diet, Cabo Verde, conservation, Desertas Islands, metabarcoding, Tarentola gigas, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia
Biodegradation, Aerated sewage sludge, Bacteria - metabolism, Carbon - chemistry, Carbon dioxide, Fungi, Geologic Sediments - microbiology, Nanotubes, New Bedford Harbor sediments, Sewage - microbiology, Single‐walled carbon nanotubes, Sludge, Trametes - metabolism, Waste Water - microbiology, Water Purification - methods, Water treatment plants
Geography, Geomorphology, Meteorological phenomena, Research facilities, Industrial sectors, Floods, Modeling, Industry, Research industry, Precipitation, Topography, Agronomy, Soil water, Environmental studies, Cyclones, Agriculture, Soil science, Research methods, Business, Meteorology, Earth sciences, Hurricanes, Storm surges, Atmospheric sciences, Hydrol...
Arboretum, Life Sciences, Biodiversity, IUCN red list, Ecology, Conifer, Conservation Biology/Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Tree Biology, Biodiversity conservation, Botanic gardens, Plant Sciences, Plant collection, Arboretums, Conservation biology, Trees, Endangered & extinct species
sublethal effects, withering syndrome, temperature, global warming, Haliotis rufescens, abiotic factors, Population biology, Environmental aspects, Influence, Research, Ocean temperature, Abalone fisheries
Air Pollutants - analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Global Warming, Incineration - methods, Incineration - instrumentation, Refuse Disposal, Denmark, Conservation of Energy Resources, Carbon Dioxide - analysis, Gases - analysis
Life Sciences, Human Genetics, Hawai‘i, Invasive species, Speleology, Internal transcribed spacer, DNA, Evolutionary Biology, Conservation management, Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography, Caves, Ecosystems, Flowers & plants
atmospheric deposition, Conservation biology, Q, heavy metals, ingling panda, air pollution, POPs pollution
Soil, Environmental Monitoring, Alberta, Air Pollutants, Metals, Wetlands
Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis, Medical Waste Disposal, Mercury - analysis, Incineration, Refuse Disposal
Red Lists, Seedbanks, Ex situ, Evolutionary Biology, Tree Biology, Life Sciences, Plant conservation, Botanic gardens, Plant Sciences
Prevention, Pollution, Taylor County, Coal-fired power plants, Environmental aspects, Air, Florida, Environmental justice, Community Networks - organization & administration, Environmental Pollution - prevention & control, Power Plants, Environmental Health, Social Justice, Humans, Information Dissemination - methods, Cooperative Behavior, Risk, Community Pa...
Gases, Power Plants, Costs and Cost Analysis, Refuse Disposal - economics, Coal, Refuse Disposal - methods, Conservation of Natural Resources, Plastics, Transportation - economics
Macaronesia, Medio Ambiente, Desalinización de agua, Residuos peligrosos, Depuración de aguas, Contaminación Ambiental, Eficiencia Energética, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Weathering, Coastal erosion, Micro-erosion meter, Tides, Sea level, Beach erosion, Chemical weathering, Sea-water
Macaronesia, Turismo, Cabo Verde, Migración, cultura popular, diáspora, fiestas, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia
Mining, Gold, Environmental Monitoring, Mercury - analysis, China, Environmental Pollutants - analysis, Industrial Waste - analysis
Seeds - growth & development, Trees - growth & development, Botany - methods, Conservation of Natural Resources - methods, Trees - classification
history, Plant Ecology, red data books, conservation, Life Sciences, general, Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography, Life Sciences, seed banking, Plant Sciences, Endangered species, Sustainable development, Molecular genetics, Ecosystems, Banking industry
Knowledge-transfer paths, Evolutionary Biology, Tree Biology, Life Sciences, Global warming, Ex situ conservation, Bioclimatic envelope modelling, Downscaled climate change scenarios, Plant Sciences, Wildlife conservation, Environmental aspects, Analysis, Collection (Accounting), Flowers & plants, Conservation, Regions, Botanical gardens, Climate change
Mycorrhizae - growth & development, Botany - methods, Seeds - genetics, Orchidaceae - genetics, Orchidaceae - growth & development, Conservation of Natural Resources - methods, Seeds - growth & development
Environmental social sciences, Law, Social groups, Communities, Legal rights, Human societies, American minorities, African Americans, Anthropology, Political science, Environmental discrimination, Sociology, Ecological justice, Christian philosophy, Ethnic groups, Environmental studies, Convents, Environmental agencies, Spiritual belief systems, Administrat...
Life Sciences, Hydrobiology, Spawning aggregation, Squid, Zoology, Population structure, Fishing closures, Egg production, Animal reproduction
Iron - chemistry, Blood Platelets - cytology, Metals - chemistry
Collection strategy, Tertiary relict trees, Threatened plant species, Tree Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Global strategy for plant conservation, Life Sciences, Ex situ conservation, Botanic gardens, Plant Sciences, Public opinion, Wildlife conservation, Museums, Protection and preservation, Endangered species, Insurance policies, Collection (Accounting), Bo...
Geography, Haplotypes, Conservation of Natural Resources - methods, Gene Flow, Genotype, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ice Cover, Microsatellite Repeats - genetics, Genetic Variation, Ursidae - classification, Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics, Climate Change, Arctic Regions, Ecosystem, Population Density, Ursidae - genetics, Ursidae - growth & dev...
Technology - economics, Conservation of Energy Resources - methods, Waste Disposal Facilities, Refuse Disposal - economics, Power Plants - economics, Models, Economic, Industrial Waste, Waste Management - methods, Gases, Solid Waste - analysis, Incineration, China, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Waste Management - economics, Refuse Disposal - methods, Technology - m...
Trace element (TE), Biomonitoring, Talitrus saltator, Pollution index, Urban gradient, Urban marine pollution, Crustacea, Environmental Monitoring, Trace Elements - analysis, Animals, Europe, Ireland, Metals, Heavy - analysis, Cities, Mediterranean Sea
Population ecology, Larvae, Ecosystem dynamics, Trophic levels, Environmental sciences, Ecosystems, Zoology, Caribous, Biology, Heterotrophs, Biomass, Developmental stages, Botany, Environmental studies, Global warming, Growth and development, Synecology, Ungulates, Developmental biology, Plant communities, Ecology, Plants, Mammals, Deer, Climate change, Tro...
In situ conservation, Cactaceae, Eulychnia, Copiapoa, Life Sciences, Ex situ conservation, Chile, Argentina, Threatened plant species, Evolutionary Biology, Tree Biology, Peru, Botanic gardens, Eriosyce, Plant Sciences, Wildlife conservation, Plants, Endangered species, Endangered & extinct species, Conservation, Plant ecology
Atmospheric Sciences, Conservation, Cultural heritage, Cultural property, Ecological service, Ecology, Environment, Environment, general, Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology, Environmental Management, Physical Geography, Protection and preservation, Review, Seagrass, Seagrasses, Sediment deposits, Social aspects
Marine ecology, Marine resources conservation
Periodicals, Natural disasters, Pollution
Environmental policy, Income, Commerce, Consumer prices, Industry, Prices, Letter rulings, Political science, Business expenses, Power reactors, IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE YEAR, Committed fixed costs, Business revenue, Business, Economics, Utilities costs, Cost recovery, Public policy, Business operations, Energy engineering, Taxes, Public administrat...
CO2, CO 2, global warming, climate change, greenhouse effect, greenhouse effect gases, emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, carbon dioxide
Dust - analysis, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Mercury - analysis, Biological Availability, Arsenic - analysis, Soil Pollutants - analysis, Mercury - pharmacokinetics, Mining, Soil - chemistry, Metals, Heavy - analysis, Slovenia, Environmental Pollutants - analysis, Gastric Acid
Motion, Oceans and Seas, Reproducibility of Results, Transducers, Oceanography - methods, Acoustics - instrumentation, Philippines, Sound, Models, Statistical, Equipment Design, Water Movements, Fourier Analysis, Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted, Time Factors, Sound Spectrography, Computer Simulation, Surface Properties, Oceanography - instrumentation,...
Temperature, Animals, Cattle - blood, Respiratory Burst - physiology, Blood Specimen Collection - standards, Time Factors, Blood Specimen Collection - veterinary, Phagocytosis - physiology, Female, Immunity, Innate, Cattle - immunology
Acid rain, Problems
Temperature, Cities, Topography, Meteorology, Heat, Climate effects, Urban heat islands, Temperature effects, Air temperature, Urbanization, Influence, Coastal zones, Thermal pollution
Time Factors, Soil - chemistry, Geologic Sediments - chemistry, Models, Statistical, Salinity, Tidal Waves - statistics & numerical data, Wetlands, Digital Elevation Models, Uncertainty, Organic matter, Marshes, Habitats, Migration, Spatial discrimination, Estuaries, Tidal marshes, Accumulation, Inundation, Elevation, Salinity effects, Deposition, Productivi...
Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Global Warming, Temperature, Animals, Arctic Regions, Computer Simulation, Ecosystem, Humans, Plants, Carbon Dioxide, Environmental aspects, Primary productivity (Biology), Climatic changes, Polar regions
Biomarkers - metabolism, Air Pollutants - analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Mercury - analysis, Risk Assessment, Food Contamination, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun - genetics, Rats, RNA, Messenger - metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Soil Pollutants - analysis, Soil Pollutants - toxicity, Brain - drug effects, Brain - metabolism, F...
Physical oceanography, Oceanography, Sciences of the Universe, Ocean, Atmosphere
Political science, Government, Environmental policy, Public administration, Climate change policy, Public policy, FROM THE HILL, Political activity, United States, Political parties, Endangered & extinct species, Energy industry, Research & development--R&D, Clean technology, Funding
Sediment supply, Sea-level indicators, Post-glacial deposits, Regressive barrier, Beach ridges, Sea-level rise, Earth Sciences, Sciences of the Universe, Geomorphology
CO2, CO 2, global warming, climate change, greenhouse effect, greenhouse effect gases, emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, carbon dioxide
Biodiversity conservation, Marine biology, Marine resources conservation
Salt marsh, RTK GPS, LIDAR, Georgia, Sapelo, Ground truth, DEM, Tidal marshes, Usage, Models, Analysis, Vegetation boundaries, Wetlands
Polyethylene Terephthalates, Polystyrenes, Humidity, Acrylic Resins, Butadienes, Conservation of Natural Resources, Waste Products, Static Electricity, Polyvinyl Chloride, Waste Management - methods
Energy consumption, Economic analysis, SPECIAL COLLECTION: Energopower and Biopower in Transition, Energy metabolism, Economic value, Economic disciplines, Political philosophy, Construction engineering, Biochemistry, Arcologies, Arts, Money, Engineering, Energy, Political science, Technology, Clean technology, Consumer economics, Currency, Macroeconomics, C...
Eating, Milk - chemistry, Methane - biosynthesis, Animals, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Milk - secretion, Poaceae - metabolism, Time Factors, Female, Seasons, Lactation - physiology, Cattle - physiology, Animal Feed, Diet - veterinary
Coastal zone management, Seashore ecology
Lau basin, T-waves, crustal seismicity, backarc tectonics, Earth, Basins (Geology), Seismology, Earthquake intensity, Tectonics (Geology), Mantle, Ocean bottom
humic substances, Iron complexation, pyrite, East Frisian barrier island Langeoog, nutrients, Geography, Water, Phosphates, Levees, Inorganic sulfides, Transition metals, Phosphorus compounds, Marshes, Geomorphology, Seas, Geochemistry, Wetlands, Bodies of water, Atomic physics, Sedimentary petrology, Sulfides, Engineering, Petrology, Anions, Research Papers...
failure, gas mains steel, long-term operation, static cracking resistance
distributed hydrologic models, digital elevation models, grid coarsening, channel network relief, surface flow paths, thalweg, Cell culture, Procedures, Altitudes, Slopes (topography), Channels, Descriptions, Elevation, Flow paths, Topography, Basins, Valleys, Profiles, Hydrologic models, Optical radar, Surface flow, Computer simulation, Depressions, Drainag...
Cross-Over Studies, Sulfur Hexafluoride - chemistry, Animals, Carbon Dioxide - metabolism, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Methane - biosynthesis, Medicago sativa, Animal Husbandry, Female, Silage - analysis, Cattle - physiology, Diet - veterinary
coastal–marine discontinuity, human influences, marine otter
Studies, Activism, Manufacturing, Incineration, Racism, Environmental justice
Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography, Paleoceanography, Paleoclimatology, Biogeosciences, Global climate models, Atmospheric Processes, Information Related to Geologic Time, Sea surface temperature, Cenozoic, Paleoclimate science, Geobiology, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, Geological time, Paleontology
Cross Infection - transmission, Bacterial Infections - prevention & control, Equipment Contamination - prevention & control, Cross Infection - prevention & control, Humans, Burns - microbiology, Burns - therapy, Plastics, Bacterial Infections - transmission, Hydrotherapy - methods
Chemical hazards, Health sciences, Pollutant emissions, Database models, Population studies, Food science, Potable water, Human populations, Information science, Limnology, Databases, Political science, Foodstuffs, Persons, Environmental studies, Perspectives, Environmental agencies, Children, Pollutants, Beverages, Public health, Food, Commentaries and Revi...
Marine ecology, Research, Predation
phylogeny, Oxford University Botanic Gardens, soil sickness, coexistence, seedling, pathogens, Aboveground–belowground ecology, Janzen‐Connell, germination
Macaronesia, Botánica, Desarrollo Sostenible, Química analítica, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronesian, Macaronésie, Macaronésia, Macaronésia
Sewage - chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods, Ammonia - analysis, Waste Water - chemistry, China
Oxidoreductases - metabolism, Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics, Oxidoreductases - genetics, Tobacco - metabolism, Plants, Genetically Modified - chemistry, Mercury - chemistry, Mercury - metabolism, Genetic Engineering, Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism, Tobacco - genetics, Biotransformation, Volatilization, Tobacco - chemistry